For the most part, everyone knows that when they die they will either go to heaven or hell. By everyone, I mean every Bible believing Christian. People of other religions may think differently, and liberal Christians... are just wrong. The point of contention is not whether heaven or hell exists, but, chronologically, what exactly happens after death.
Here are some views:
- The soul goes to heaven or hell immediately after death.
- The soul goes to heaven immediately, hell comes after judgment.
- The soul "sleeps" until the resurrection, heaven and hell comes after judgment.
(If I remember correctly, this is also known as soul sleep. The Seventh Day Adventists believe in this.)
And there are some nuances, like how there will be a new heaven and new earth, and that God will dwell with His people on the new earth (Rev. 21). Therefore, you don't go to heaven but you stay on the new earth while God dwells among us. I believe that in the end, God will dwell with us on the new earth.
I think most people believe number 1 because they haven't given too much thought about our state of consciousness after our death. Rather, they just assume the end. (heaven = good, hell = bad)
My stance is number 2. I typed up a short email awhile ago. They were just quick short thoughts that came to my mind as I was reading Job. I reworded it so it doesn't sound like an email.
Here it is:
Job 14:12-13, talks about dying as sleeping, but it also mentions being in Sheol. Which makes me think that the expression of sleeping is the observation that the living sees of the dead, instead of what is actually happening to the dead.
Then my mind was brought to Jesus' story about the rich man and Lazarus, which takes place in Sheol (Gk. Hades). And the statement that Jesus made to the thief on the cross that he will be with Christ today in paradise, along with Paul's statement of being away from the body and at home with the Lord (2 Cor. 5:6).
We also see in Rev. 20:13-14 that those in Hades will be given up for judgment (so they come out of Hades), and Hades itself will be thrown into the lake of fire (hell). Whether Hades is only reserved for OT saints and that NT saints go straight to heaven after death, I'm uncertain, but I tend to lean towards that understanding.
The strongest argument I hear for number 3 (which I don't think is really that strong after considering the Bible passages above) is the argument of the influence of Greek thinking. That the separation of soul and body is too Gnostic-like[1]. They argue that the Hebrews didn't believe in such a distinction/separation. Therefore, separation cannot happen. And to make sense of being in paradise "today", the individual must be sleeping until the day s/he enters paradise. That way, to the individual, it feels like "today" but it's not really.
Thoughts?
[1]Gnosticism believes that the spirit is good and the material is bad. That there is a secret knowledge that must be obtained to be freed from this material world. As a result, Gnostics would try to abstain from material possession and earthly enjoyment. On the other hand, there are Gnostics who would indulge themselves in the flesh because, afterall, we will be rid of our flesh after we die anyways.
Note: Gnosticism is a system of thought that had also infiltrated some small sects of Christianity. Evidenced by writings such as the Gospel of Thomas (also known as a Gnostic gospel).
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